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COMPLICATIONS OF CHILDBIRTH: DELIVERY
The deliveries I have discussed are considered normal. Complications of delivery occur when the baby’s position is not normal, or when instruments or an operation must be resorted to for some reason.
Breech babies
Most babies are born head first; this is called the head presentation. In about four out of 100 births, however, the child may emerge feet or buttocks first, in the breech position. This makes little if any difference to the mother, but it is not as easy for the baby. One baby in 100 will lie crosswise in the womb. In this case, the doctor reaches in and turns the baby to a more favourable position. The doctor knows beforehand the type of delivery he faces.
In some rare instances, it is necessary, for the safety of the baby or the mother, to hasten delivery before the head has appeared at the opening of the birth canal. The doctor will then reach into the birth canal and draw the baby out with forceps. This procedure has been almost entirely replaced by use of caesarean section (see below).
Caesarean delivery
If, for some reason, the baby cannot be born through the vagina— because the mother is ill, or her pelvic structure is too small—the doctor can perform an operation to remove it through the abdomen.
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